Grammar

Syntax

When it comes to language, we distinguish different types of sentences, such as questions, declarative sentences, requests and more. It is also important how your language “sorts” the words in a sentece. Does the verb go first? Or the subject? Complex sentences can be divided into clauses. While most languages have a verb in each clause, this is not always a must.

Sentence structure

English typically follows the SVO-rule: A simple sentence can be created by using a subject, verb, and an object in that order. For example: “I am reading a book.”

Now, how does that look in Palanteinc?

Palanteinc	English	Type
…	Today, I play with my siblings.	declarative
…	Where is my basket?	interrogativ
…	Bring your ball!	imperative
…	Hey!	exclamatory

Please note: Palanteinc is a null-subject language, which means that the subject of a sentence is not mandatory. Generally, in more complex or compound sentences, the subject can be omitted the second time and is only used if a contrast is needed. It is also worth mentioning, that Palanteinc use gestures generously while speaking. Often the difference between “I” and “we” and “you” is shown rather than said.

Additionally, verbs are not conjugated based on pronouns, but solely by the tense used. So “mapa” (play) will be the same for all singular and plural forms in the present tense.

Phonology

Consonants: (b), d, f, g, h, k (written as c), l, m, n, p, (r), s, t, (z)

Note: Uncommon consonants are written in brackets.

Vowels: a, e, i, ë, o, u,

Note: The vowels a, e, i, o and u are pronounced close to how a German or Japanese speaker would pronounce them. ë is pronounced further in the back of the mouth (“higher”). It sounds similar to “y” in “yes”.

A variety of diphtongs: ou, io, ei, ai, ñ (ng)